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設備應能至少每分鐘測量血含量兩次，連續測量時間至少60分鐘。探頭小巧并方便彎曲，準確度：設備必須能夠衡量的范圍為0 - 1.25毫升的血（稀釋在大約15 - 30毫升的鹽水中），精度要測準大約6μl的血（稀釋在大約15 - 30毫升的鹽水中）。 具體如下：https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933690 The Seeker desires a device to continuously and/or repeatedly measure the amount of blood in a volume of saline. The device should be capable of measuring at least twice per minute for at least 60 minutes. This is a Reduction-to-Practice Challenge that requires a written proposal, experimental proof-of-concept data, and prototype delivery if requested Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933690 Challenge Overview The Seeker is looking for a device to continuously measure blood content in a small volume of saline. Blood is introduced continuously through a thin, flexible probe placed in the container of saline and the device must be able to measure the overall blood content in the container at least twice per minute for at least 60 minutes. The device must be able to measure over the range of 0 – 1.25 ml of blood in approximately 15 – 30 ml of saline with an accuracy of approximately 6 μl of blood. Only minimal stirring is allowed, thus devices should not rely on an assumption of uniform mixing of the blood in the saline solution. The rate of blood introduction may vary significantly, and may start and stop numerous times. The submission to the Challenge should include the following: The detailed description of the proposed Solution addressing specific Solution Requirements presented in the Detailed Description of the Challenge. This description should be accompanied by a well-articulated rationale supported by literature/patent precedents. Experimental proof-of-concept data obtained as outlined in the Detailed Description of the Challenge (and delivery of a prototype if requested by the Seeker).

罕見癌癥研究基金會(RCRF),致力于通過戰略投資和創新合作進行基礎治療罕見的癌癥,和美國文化募捐組織(ATCC),世界上最大的非營利性細胞株庫,建立神經內分泌腫瘤細胞株收集目錄。腸道良性腫瘤和胰腺神經內分泌腫瘤(PNET)需求一種新療法的研究和發展，即在體內原發性腫瘤中建立新的細胞株。 為了刺激發展新的良性腫瘤和PNET細胞系,該基金會是高興地宣布第二次開放競爭十個人獎項:開發人員的第一個新的細胞系在每個疾病(腸道良性腫瘤和PNET)將獲得100000美元，開發者的第二,第三,第四,第五個新細胞系在每個疾病將會收到50000美元。原文如下：https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933756 The lack of well-validated and widely accepted cell lines derived from intestinal carcinoid and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) is a significant barrier for research and development of new therapies. The Caring for Carcinoid Foundation therefore wishes to launch a second Challenge to stimulate a concerted effort to create a “collection” of well-characterized cell lines that faithfully replicate tumor characteristics and genetics. The Foundation has partnered with the Rare Cancer Research Foundation (RCRF), a foundation dedicated to curing rare cancers through strategic investments and innovative collaborations, and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), the world’s largest non-profit cell line repository, to establish a Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Line collection in their catalog. This is a Reduction-to-Practice Challenge that requires written documentation, detailed description of each cell line, and sample delivery. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933756 Challenge Overview This Challenge is intended to encourage innovative approaches to establishing new cell lines from primary tumors that grow slowly in vivo and to publicize new methods as well as availability of the new cell lines for broad, unrestricted use. To stimulate development of new carcinoid and PNET cell lines, the Foundation is pleased to announce its second open competition for up to ten individual prizes: Developers of the first new cell lines in each disease (intestinal carcinoid and PNET) will receive $100,000 each and developers of the second, third, fourth, and fifth new cell lines in each disease will receive $50,000 each. Individual creators are eligible for one (the first cell line from either disease) or up to ten prizes (the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth cell lines from both diseases). To be eligible for the prize(s), the submitted cell lines must be: Approved by the Caring for Carcinoid Foundation, according to the criteria specified in the Detailed Description & Requirements, and Deposited into the ATCC repository for unrestricted distribution to qualified investigators under an agreement approved by the Caring for Carcinoid Foundation. Discover how to submit your cell lines in the Detailed Description & Requirements of the Challenge.

肝臟疾病是一種由病毒或有毒物連續侵害造成肝臟晚期纖維化的慢性疾病。目前，我們的治療方法很有限，尋找治療方法的大多數臨床試驗都失敗了，部分原因是由于缺乏預測肝臟疾病發展的生物標志物。公司需要尋找一種新的生物標志物，對提高疾病的可控性會有很大的幫助，定期監測生物標志物也可以促進臨床試驗治療藥物的進一步發展。 具體可以查看https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933671 Challenge Overview Liver disease represents a worldwide unmet medical need. Although there are various causes, the danger is that the liver will become so damaged that it can no longer function adequately. Whether the insult is a viral infection, chemical injury, or immune-related, liver disease follows a slow and steady progression. Early stage liver disease is characterized by inflammation, which if left untreated, can cause scarring and fibrosis. A healthy liver is capable of repair and regeneration, but when there are architectural changes to the tissue, the damage can no longer be reversed. Biopsies are routinely conducted to diagnose liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Undergoing this invasive procedure involves significant abdominal pain along with the risk for complications and sampling error. Therefore, many patients are reluctant to have a second biopsy even when it is medically advisable. The Seeker desires a specific and sensitive biomarker(s) that is highly associated with liver fibrosis and could be used as a surrogate for clinical efficacy and ideally, could guide treatment selection. Submissions to this Challenge must be received by 11:59 PM (US Eastern Time) on August 17, 2015. Late submissions will not be considered. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. To receive an award, Solvers will not be required to transfer their exclusive IP rights to the Seeker. Instead, as further described in the Challenge-Specific Agreement, Solvers will grant to the Seeker a one hundred and eighty (180)-day Exclusivity Period from the deadline [11:59 PM (US Eastern Time) on August 17, 2015] for a non-exclusive license to practice their solutions for review, analysis and testing of the Proposed Solutions, an option for the grant of a further non-exclusive license, and an exclusive option to negotiate in good faith the terms of an exclusive license.

不能控制其發作的癲癇猝死（SUDEP）是導致年輕人死亡的主要原因。每年超過千分之一的癲癇患者死于猝死，如果是不受控制的癲癇發作，風險會增加一百五十分之一。一種普遍恐懼的意識和持續受到的歧視導致太多的人隱藏自己的癲癇病情而沒有接受持續治療或尋求更有效的治療方法。這增加了他們癲癇猝死的風險 癲癇基金會幫助機構決心改變這種狀況，開展一個創意的宣傳活動，鼓勵人們尋求最佳的癲癇發作和癲癇發作控制和教育他們自己和他們的家庭以及他們如何可以減輕癲癇猝死的風險。此外，這個活動應該邀請更廣泛的醫療保健社區討論SUDEP，明白不接受持續發作的重要性，并尋找一種更有效的治療方法。具體（https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933717）如下 TAGS: Global Health, Business/Entrepreneurship, Life Sciences, Scientific American, Ideation AWARD: $15,000 USD | DEADLINE: 7/13/15 | ACTIVE SOLVERS: 12 | POSTED: 6/09/15 Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in young adults who have epilepsy and cannot control their seizures. Each year, more than 1 out of 1,000 people with epilepsy die from SUDEP, and, if seizures are uncontrolled, the risk increases to more than 1 out of 150. A widespread lack of awareness and ongoing fear and discrimination lead too many individuals to hide their epilepsy and to accept ongoing seizures instead of seeking out more effective treatments. This increases their risk of SUDEP. The Epilepsy Foundation SUDEP Institute is determined to change this and is challenging Solvers to come up with ideas for a creative advocacy campaign that encourages people with seizures and epilepsy to seek optimal seizure control and to educate themselves and their families about SUDEP and how they can mitigate its risks. In addition, the campaign should invite the broader health care community to talk about SUDEP, understand the importance of not accepting ongoing seizures, and pursue all effective treatment options. Can you help us to demystify seizures and epilepsy, and empower people with epilepsy? This is an Ideation Challenge with a guaranteed award for at least one submitted solution.

阿斯利康提出需求：在大多數的慢性腎臟疾病的情況下有關腎小球濾過屏障功能受損的研究。缺少良好的腎小球體外模型，就不能在細胞學和病理學的范疇詳細理解腎小球的功能。 阿斯利康正在尋找方法來開發一個腎小球模型系統。理想情況下,體外模型應該包含一個獨立的微型藥學單元，有適當的介質，流體流動和所受壓力。可以調整模擬體內黏膜所需條件屬性，最終建立形成一個功能腎小球濾過屏障。 具體看下面內容： https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933748The majority of all cases of chronic kidney disease, a key research area within AstraZeneca, originate in the glomerulus when filtration barrier function is compromised. However, a detailed cellular understanding of the functioning and pathology of the glomerulus has been limited by the lack of good in vitro models of glomerular function. AstraZeneca is looking for approaches to develop a glomerular model system. Ideally, the in vitro model should incorporate a self-contained microphysiological unit where biologically appropriate media, fluid flow and shear stress can be modulated to simulate in vivo properties that will ultimately recapitulate the conditions necessary for endothelial and podocyte cell types to form a functional glomerular filtration barrier. This is an ideation challenge and only requires a written solution. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933748 Challenge Overview The majority of all cases of chronic kidney disease, a key research area within AstraZeneca, originate in the glomerulus when filtration barrier is compromised. The coordinated efforts of the podocytes and endothelium together with their underlying basement membrane establish the glomerular filtration barrier and injury to these cells can lead to loss of kidney function. There are currently no human in vitro models that mimic a functional or diseased glomerulus. Development of a human glomerular filtration barrier biomimetic system will thus address gaps in in vitro models for simulating human kidney disease, toxicity and DMPK. We are looking for innovative approaches to developing a glomerular model that incorporates a self-contained microphysiological unit, ideally including podocytes, the endothelium, and where biologically appropriate media, fluid flow, and shear stress can be modulated to simulate in vivo properties that will ultimately recapitulate the structural and cellular conditions necessary for glomerular function. ABOUT THE SEEKER AstraZeneca is a global, research-based, biopharmaceutical company with a focus on five key therapeutic areas: 1) cardiovascular & metabolic diseases, 2) oncology, 3) respiratory, inflammation & autoimmunity, 4) neuroscience, and 5) infection. As an innovation-driven, research organization, AstraZeneca recognizes that great ideas come from many sources. Open innovation is an avenue by which ideas can be shared and AstraZeneca recently launched a pavilion to further its commitment to facilitate the advancement of pharmaceutical research.

腎近端小管是腎單位的一部分(腎臟的功能部件)，是人體高專屬性參與重吸收和排泄各種物質（包括鹽和礦物質）的器官，鹽和礦物質的重吸收對身體是非常重要的，否則會失去在尿液中。此外，腎近端小管對許多藥物的處理也是至關重要的，所謂的外源性物質,來自外面的身體和環境(如許多人造物質,包括潛在的毒素)。然而,沒有好的體外模型可以描述和模仿腎近端小管的功能。建立腎近端小管一個有力的模型是非常必要的，特別是在腎近端小管在藥物的相互影響方面有至關重要的作用，因為它是會由于藥物毒性和藥物之間的作用而非常容易受到傷害導致腎臟疾病。在體外開發腎近端小管模型的系統可以幫助填補腎臟疾病研究中藥物毒性和藥物處理方面的一些空白。 具體看 https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933749 The proximal tubule, a part of the kidney nephron (the functional unit of the kidney), has highly specialized properties to do with the salvage and excretion of various compounds, salts and minerals that are very important to the body and would otherwise be lost in the urine. In addition, the proximal tubule is essential for the handling of many drugs and so-called xenobiotics that come from outside the body and from the environment (e.g., many artificial substances, including potential toxins). However, there are no good human models in vitro that can recapitulate and reproduce the function of the proximal tubule. A robust model for the proximal tubule is needed, especially since the proximal tubule has an essential role in drug clearance, because it is highly susceptible to damage in many kidney diseases, and it is also a target for drug-drug interactions and drug toxicity. Development of a proximal tubule model system in vitro could help to address some of the gaps in laboratory models for the study of kidney disease, toxicity, and drug handling. AstraZeneca is seeking innovative approaches to developing a model system of the proximal tubule in vitro. Ideally, the model should incorporate a self-contained microphysiological unit in which biologically appropriate media, fluid flow, and shear stress can be modulated to reproduce the properties of the proximal tubule in vivo and ultimately recapitulate the structural and cellular conditions necessary for integrated proximal tubular function. This is an ideation challenge and only requires a written solution. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933749 Challenge Overview Currently, there are no good human in vitro models that reflect the function of the intact mammalian proximal tubule, which reabsorbs filtered sodium and water, but also has specific mechanisms for reabsorption of glucose, low molecular weight proteins, amino acids, urate and phosphate, as well as the handling of weak acids and bases, and xenobiotics, including many drugs. The proximal tubule can be severely affected in kidney injury and disease, and is also a target for drug-drug interactions and drug toxicity. Development of a proximal tubule model system, as opposed to another ‘simple’ cell culture monolayer, could address some of the gaps in suitable models in vitro for studying kidney disease, drug toxicity, and DMPK. AstraZeneca is seeking innovative approaches to developing a model system of the proximal tubule in vitro. Ideally, the model should incorporate a self-contained microphysiological unit in which biologically appropriate media, fluid flow, and shear stress can be modulated to reproduce the properties of the proximal tubule in vivo and ultimately recapitulate the structural and cellular conditions necessary for integrated proximal tubular function. ABOUT THE SEEKER AstraZeneca is a global, research-based, biopharmaceutical company with a focus on five key therapeutic areas: 1) cardiovascular & metabolic diseases, 2) oncology, 3) respiratory, inflammation & autoimmunity, 4) neuroscience, and 5) infection. As an innovation-driven, research organization, AstraZeneca recognizes that great ideas come from many sources. Open innovation is an avenue by which ideas can be shared and AstraZeneca recently launched a pavilion to further its commitment to facilitate the advancement of pharmaceutical research.

廠方需要一種“強化干燥系統”,必須是一個改進的滅菌工藝，即通過優化干燥時間，從而減少整個過程時間。“強化干燥系統”的另一個重要目標是：無菌容器總是處在完全干燥的滅菌過程中，確保滅菌的可靠性和安全性。 具體如下：https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933714 The Challenge is to come up with an “Enhanced Drying System” that will improve a sterilization process by optimizing the drying time and thus reducing the overall process time. Another important goal for the “Enhanced Drying System” is to ensure, that the sterile containers always get completely dry in the sterilization process and to increases the perceived reliability and safety of the sterilization process. This Challenge requires only a written proposal. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933714 Challenge Overview Steam sterilized containers of instruments sometimes contain visible moisture upon opening even after an extended drying cycle. Although the liquid does not compromise the sterile barrier, its appearance causes doubts about sterilization and leads to repeat sterilizations costing time and money. The Challenge is to remove liquid moisture from the container during or after the sterilization process without extending the drying cycle time economically. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. Solutions which are simple, practicable and have a low implementation cost are highly preferred. To receive an award, the Solvers will have to transfer to the Seeker their exclusive Intellectual Property (IP) rights to the solution.

基因治療的概念出現在幾十年前,當研究人員推測,人類疾病可以通過精確使用一種技術引入外來DNA來解決遺傳缺陷和疾病癥狀。近年來，基因治療的進步已經涉足治療遺傳疾病，癌癥，神經退行性疾病等各領域。遺傳性疾病如色素性視網膜炎等少數眼部疾病的基因也可以如此治療。公司征集一種在人類眼部組織定性和定量(半)測量體內基因表達的方法。 具體如下https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933643 The concept of gene therapy arose decades ago, when researchers postulated that human diseases could be treated by using a technique to introduce foreign DNA to correct genetic defects and disease phenotypes. In recent years, advances in gene therapy have been documented in the treatment of genetic disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inherited diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa are among a handful of ocular diseases that are amenable to gene therapy. The Seeker desires solutions that will both qualitatively and (semi-) quantitatively measure in vivo gene expression in human ocular tissues. This Challenge requires only a written proposal. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933643 Challenge Overview The number of clinical trials for gene therapy to treat ocular disorders is on the rise. Inherited diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa among others are thought to be good candidates for targeted treatment. Currently, there is no method in humans to determine the level or geographic location of transgene expression following administration of gene therapy for diseases of the eye, specifically the retina. The Seeker desires solutions that will both qualitatively and (semi-) quantitatively measure in vivo gene expression in human ocular tissues. Submissions to this Challenge must be received by 11:59 PM (US Eastern Time) on June 20, 2015. Late submissions will not be considered. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. To receive an award, Solvers will not be required to transfer their exclusive IP rights to the Seeker. Instead, Solvers will grant to the Seeker a non-exclusive license to practice their solutions as further described in the Terms of Use. In addition, the Seeker will be granted with a one hundred eighty (180) day Exclusive Option period from the deadline (i.e. from the day following the end of the Posting Period) during which they hold an exclusive option to negotiate in good faith with the Solver terms of an exclusive license on the Solution IP. The Exclusive Option period may be extended by mutual written agreement of the Seeker and Solver.

我們體內以分泌胰島素來維持胰島細胞血糖水平和體內平衡。而糖尿病患者的胰島細胞是缺乏或無效的。沒有足夠活性的胰島素，糖尿病患者就無法控制血糖。胰島移植是一種治療策略,糖尿病患者需要胰島素注射來控制他們的疾病，減輕或根除癥狀。阿斯利康正在尋找一個簡單的裝置將人類胰島移植出來，來檢測藥物的性能。 具體如下網站，https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933735 Pancreatic islet beta-cells sense blood sugar levels and secrete insulin to maintain homeostasis. In patients with diabetes, islet beta-cells are either lacking or ineffective. Islet transplantation is a treatment strategy that allows diabetics to reduce or eliminate the need for insulin injections to control their disease. AstraZeneca is searching for a simple device to transplant human islets to facilitate testing of therapeutic agents. This Challenge requires only a written proposal. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933735 Challenge Overview Diabetes is a disease of the pancreatic islet cells. Of the four cell types, insulin-producing beta-cells are the most abundant. Without adequate levels of insulin, diabetes patients have difficulty controlling their blood sugar. One alternative to self-administration of medicine is islet transplantation. The procedure involves an infusion of isolated donor islets into the patient. If the graft is accepted, these islets will function to regulate blood glucose levels through the production of insulin. AstraZeneca is searching for a simple device for the transplantation and subsequent retrieval of human islets to support in vivo testing of therapeutic agents. ABOUT THE SEEKER AstraZeneca is a global, research-based, biopharmaceutical company with a focus on five key therapeutic areas: 1) cardiovascular & metabolic diseases, 2) oncology, 3) respiratory, inflammation & autoimmunity, 4) neuroscience, and 5) infection. As an innovation-driven, research organization, AstraZeneca recognizes that great ideas come from many sources. Open innovation is an avenue by which ideas can be shared and AstraZeneca recently launched a pavilion to further its commitment to facilitate the advancement of pharmaceutical research. Submissions to this Challenge must be received by 11:59 PM (US Eastern Time) on June 16, 2015. Late submissions will not be considered. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. To receive an award, Solvers will not be required to transfer their exclusive IP rights to the Seeker. Instead, Solvers will grant to the Seeker a non-exclusive license to practice their solutions

我們需要設計自動崩解控制器用于靶向給藥。自動崩解控制器，一旦觸發，應該可以在溫和條件(生理)下使藥物分子的釋放并激活。這個我們可以參考數量有限的文獻中描述“self-immolative”（自動分解或自毀）連接器，但我們提出的自動崩解控制器不是這樣的裝置。具體鏈接為https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933733，具體如下： Design of A Self-Cleaving Linker For Targeted Drug Delivery TAGS: Physical Sciences, Novel Molecules, Chemistry, Life Sciences, Theoretical-IP Transfer AWARD: $25,000 USD | DEADLINE: 4/27/15 | ACTIVE SOLVERS: 165 | POSTED: 3/26/15 The Seeker desires the design of a novel self-cleaving linker for use in targeted drug delivery. The self-cleaving linker, once triggered, should allow for the release of molecule(s) of interest under mild (physiological) conditions. A limited number of “self-immolative” linkers are well described in the literature and are specifically excluded from this Challenge. The Seeker specifically encourages synthetic chemists to consider this Challenge even if they do not have medicinal chemistry knowledge. This Challenge requires only a written proposal. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933733 Challenge Overview The Seeker desires the design of a novel self-cleaving linker for use in targeted drug delivery. The self-cleaving linker, once triggered, should allow for the release of molecule(s) of interest under mild (physiological) conditions. A limited number of such “self-immolative” linkers, based upon an elimination to generate a quinone methide, or utilizing a 5 or 6 member ring cyclization, are well described in the literature and are specifically excluded from this Challenge. The Seeker specifically encourages synthetic chemists to consider this Challenge even if they do not have medicinal chemistry knowledge. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. To receive an award, the Solvers will have to transfer to the Seeker their exclusive Intellectual Property (IP) rights to the solution.